Transport

Recent Articles

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  26/03/2025

  Hong Kong

  Legal Update: The Protection of Critical In­fra­struc­ture (Computer Systems) Bill will come into effect on 1 January 2026

  The Protection of Critical Infrastructure (Computer Systems) Bill was passed by Legislative Council on 19 March 2025.  As Hong Kong’s first standalone legislation on enhancing the overall cybersecurity, it sets out a comprehensive regulatory framework and lays down the statutory requirements for the protection of computer systems within critical infrastructures, signifying an important step for aligning Hong Kong's cybersecurity practices with international standards, improving its global standing and attractiveness for international business and investment.Key Takeaways from the Bill:Establishment...

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  11/03/2025

  EU

  The EU General Court confirms the legality of rescue aid granted to TAP during the COVID-19 crisis

  FR

  Following a first annulment of its decision in June 2020 to authorize rescue aid in favour of TAP, the European Commission adopted in May 2021 a new decision on the same aid. Ryanair challenged the decision, for a second time, before the General Court of the EU. Its appeal was rejected on 5 February 2025.BackgroundOn 10 June 2020, under the 2014 Guidelines on rescue and restructuring aid, the European Commission authorized rescue aid of EUR 1.2 billion granted by the Portuguese State to TAP. TAP is a Portuguese airline whose main operations are in Portugal. Before the COVID-19 crisis, TAP encountered...

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  05/03/2025

  EU

  The European Commission updates its guidelines on compensation for aggrieved passengers due to delays, denial of boarding or cancellations

  FR

  The European Commission has recently adopted updated interpretative guidelines on  Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights.Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council entered into force on 17 February 2005. The Regulation sets a minimum level of quality standards for passenger protection, adding an important consumer dimension to the liberalisation of the aviation market.In 2016, the Commission adopted...

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  18/12/2024

  EU

  European Commission consultation on the revision of its State aid aviation guidelines

  FR

  On 11 December 2024, the European Commission launched a public consultation on the targeted revision of the 2014 Guidelines on State aid to airports and airlines. The aim of the consultation is to gather comments from industry stakeholders on the application of the current Aviation Guidelines and the measures that should be adopted in the future. The consultation is open until 5 March 2025.The current Guidelines set out the European Commission's interpretation of aid in the context of airport financing (e.g. assumption of the deficit, investment subsidies, etc.) and the incentives granted...

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  13/12/2024

  EU

  Transfer of slots to easyJet, IAG and AFKLM at Milan Linate Airport as part of the im­ple­ment­a­tion of ITA Airways' commitments

  FR

  On 30 November 2023, Lufthansa AG (“Lufthansa”) and the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance (“MEF”) notified the European Commission (“Commission”) of a proposed acquisition of joint control of ITA Airways (“ITA”) under merger control.ITA is based in Italy and is an airline active in passenger and cargo air transport, which was created in 2020 by the Italian state. It is based at the Rome and Milan airports. It was created to replace Alitalia, and was exclusively controlled by the Italian state, which was therefore planning to cede part of its...

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  11/12/2024

  Europe

  New EU Refuelling Guidelines

  FR

  IntroductionOn 9 October 2024, the European Commission published its guidelines on the interpretation of the refuelling obligations for aircraft operators (“Refuelling Guidelines”).EU Regulation 2023/2405 (“RFEUA”) specifies the rules on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport. Article 5 RFEUA imposes obligations on aircraft operators with regard to refuelling. The Refuelling Guidelines provide additional information about the interpretation of Article 5 RFEUA.Article 5 RFEUA requires aircraft operators to refuel at least 90% of the yearly aviation fuel...

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